Research Studies

Risk Factors

Established and Probable

Table 1	Body weight and breast cancer risk
Table 2	Weight gain and the risk of breast cancer
Table 3	Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk
Table 4	Recreational physical activity and breast cancer risk
Table 5	Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk
Table 6	Blood estrogen levels and the risk of breast cancer
Table 7	Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer risk
Table 8	Birth control pills and breast cancer risk
Table 9	Age at menopause and breast cancer risk women
Table 10	BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutations and cancer risk
Table 11	Hyperplasia and breast cancer risk
Table 12	Light at night/shift work and breast cancer risk

Factors Under Study

Table 13	Dietary fat consumption and breast cancer risk
Table 14	Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer risk
Table 15	Carotenoid intake and breast cancer risk
Table 16	Soy intake and breast cancer risk
Table 17	Dairy/milk consumption and breast cancer risk
Table 18	Meat consumption and breast cancer risk
Table 19	IGF-1 and breast cancer risk
Table 20	Smoking and breast cancer risk
Table 21	Secondhand smoke and breast cancer risk

Factors Not Related to Breast Cancer

Table 22	Electromagnetic fields and breast cancer risk
Table 23	Blood organochlorine levels and breast cancer risk
Table 24	Abortion and breast cancer risk
Table 25	Hair dyes and breast cancer risk
Table 26	Breast implants and breast cancer risk

Risk–lowering drugs (Chemoprevention)

Table 27	Chemoprevention—the use of tamoxifen and raloxifene to reduce the risk of breast cancer

Early Detection and Screening

Table 28a	Breast cancer screening with mammography for ages 40–49
Table 28b	Breast cancer screening with mammography for ages 50–69
Table 28c	Breast cancer screening with mammography for ages 70 and older
Table 29	Digital mammography versus standard mammography for breast cancer screening
Table 30	MRI plus mammography versus mammography alone for high-risk women

Diagnosis and Prognostic Factors

Table 31	Lymph node status and breast cancer survival
Table 32	Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in predicting axillary lymph node status
Table 33	Tumor size and breast cancer survival
Table 34	Estrogen receptor status and overall survival

Treatment

Table 35	Mastectomy versus breast conserving surgery plus radiation and overall survival in early breast cancer
Table 36	Radiation therapy following mastectomy and overall survival in stage II & III breast cancer
Table 37	Adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival
Table 38	Different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and overall survival in early breast cancer
Table 39	Selected short-term side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Table 40	Adjuvant tamoxifen and overall survival in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Table 41	Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and overall survival in early breast cancer
Table 42	Aromatase inhibitors and disease free survival in early breast cancer
Table 43	Use of tamoxifen in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Table 44	Neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapy for women with stage II or stage III breast cancer
Table 45	Neoadjuvant (preoperative) hormonal therapy for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Table 46	High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplant for women with metastatic breast cancer and for women with non-metastatic breast cancer at high risk for recurrence
Table 47	Combined modality treatment and overall survival in inflammatory breast cancer
Table 48	Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and overall response rate in metastatic breast cancer

Support

Table 49	Support groups and breast cancer survival
Table 50	Social support and breast cancer survival

Getting Good Care

Table 51	Hospital volume and breast cancer survival after treatment
Table 52	Geographic variation in rates of mastectomy

After Treatment

Table 53	Pregnancy and breast cancer survival
Table 54	Postmenopausal hormones and recurrence after breast cancer diagnosis
Table 55	Total fat intake and breast cancer survival
Table 56	Body weight and breast cancer survival
Table 57	Physical activity and breast cancer survival
Table 58	Black cohosh and relief of menopausal symptoms
Table 59	Soy and relief of menopausal symptoms
Table 60	Other supplements and relief of menopausal symptoms

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